non-democracy to democracy, alters the distribution of de jure political power, but the elite can intensify their … the elite in democracy or for costs of changing economic institutions, the equilibrium takes the form of a Markov regime … difficult than altering economic institutions, the model leads to a pattern of captured democracy, whereby a democratic regime …

unrest or revolution, and this may force the elite to democratize. Democracy may not consolidate because it is more … redistributive than a nondemocratic regime, and this gives the elite an incentive to mount a coup. Because inequality makes democracy … more costly for the elite, highly unequal societies are less likely to consolidate democracy and may end up oscillating …

Can infrastructure investment win "hearts and minds"? We analyze a famous case in the early stages of dictatorship …

defence, dictatorship, and warfare. They address defining events and institutions of the world in the twentieth century …