This paper studied the cointegration and causality relations between China's energy consumption and economic growth. It … concludes that there is bi-directional causality, but no cointegration, between them; therefore, China may have underestimated …

In this paper, we describe our investigation of the cointegration and causal relationships between energy consumption … energy, capital and labour as separate inputs of production. The empirical evidence points to a cointegration relationship … between energy and output and implies that energy is an important variable in the cointegration space, as are conventional …