In recent years, the international oil price has fluctuated violently, bringing about huge risk for the international oil trade. In fact, the risk of crude oil and petroleum product imports is different because of the different import origins and prices. Which import risk is lower for China?...

The world's future oil price is affected by many factors. The challenge, therefore, is how to select optimal stockpile acquisition strategies to minimize the cost of maintaining a reserve. This paper provides a new method for analyzing this problem using an uncertain dynamic programming model to...

From the viewpoint of energy system modelling, this paper systematically analyses energy models developed by various international organisations. Their modelling approaches, functions, modelling structures, as well as their typical applications are reviewed. The review will be helpful for...

This paper investigates the residents’ direct and indirect energy consumption behaviors in Beijing, as well as the impact of age, educational background and income level on the behaviors. The results show that, first, there are a high proportion of residents who may support the policies and...

USA and China are the two largest energy-consuming countries, and energy supply vulnerability is a prior topic on energy policy. Then, we develop energy supply vulnerability assessment index including the sustainability, the stability, the reliability, and the diversification indicators to...