The growth of advanced metering infrastructure, enhanced communication infrastructure in power grids, and the ability of end-user consumer to actively participate helps in realizing vision of sustainable energy systems. Demand response (DR) programs are developed in order to deploy this ability...

Following the deregulation experience of retail electricity markets in most countries, the majority of the new entrants of the liberalized retail market were pure REP (retail electricity providers). These entities were subject to financial risks because of the unexpected price variations, price...

Demand side management (DSM) can be defined as modifications in the demand side energy consumption pattern to foster better efficiency and operations in electrical energy systems. DSM activities, which are classified into “energy efficiency (EE)” and “demand response (DR)” are becoming...

Ireland is currently striving to source 10% of the energy required for its transport fleet from renewable energy sources by 2020. As part of the measures being implemented in order to help realise this ambitious target a number of Government schemes have been introduced to financially subsidise...

Abstract Regulators have proposed various institutional alternatives to secure network resource adequacy and reasonably priced electric power for consumers. These alternatives prompt many difficult questions: Does the development of Demand Response reduce the need for new capacity? How...