The need to generate thermal and electrical energy, global warming caused by increased emissions of greenhouse gases, rising fossil fuel prices and demand for energy independence, have created a new industry focused on energy production through the use of renewable sources. Among the different...

In this paper, a methodology for solving the ED (economic dispatch) problem considering the uncertainty of wind power generation and generators reliability is presented. The corresponding PDF (probability distribution function) of available wind power generation is discretized and introduced in...

The actual electric grid was developed to offer electricity to the clients from centralized generation, so with large-scale distributed renewable generation there is an urgent need for a more flexible, reliable and smarter grid. The wireless technologies are becoming an important asset in the...

The non-stationary and stochastic nature of wind power reveals itself a difficult task to forecast and manage. In this context, with the continuous increment of wind farms and their capacity production in Portugal, there is an increasing need to develop new forecasting tools with enhanced...

Hydro energy represents a priority in the energy policy of Portugal, with the aim of decreasing the dependence on fossil fuels. In this context, optimal hydro scheduling acquires added significance in moving towards a sustainable environment. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming approach is...

Increasing energy needs are accompanied by environmental responsibilities, since nowadays electricity companies operate in a competitive and sustainable energy framework. In this context, any proposal for action on energy efficiency becomes important for consumers to minimize operational costs....

In this paper, a novel mixed-integer nonlinear approach is proposed to solve the short-term hydro scheduling problem in the day-ahead electricity market, considering not only head-dependency, but also start/stop of units, discontinuous operating regions and discharge ramping constraints. Results...

In this paper, a stochastic programming approach is proposed for trading wind energy in a market environment under uncertainty. Uncertainty in the energy market prices is the main cause of high volatility of profits achieved by power producers. The volatile and intermittent nature of wind energy...

This paper is concerned with the protection of wind energy systems against the indirect effects of lightning. As wind energy is gaining increasing importance throughout the world, lightning damages involving wind energy systems have come to be regarded with more attention. Nevertheless, there...

This paper is concerned with direct or indirect lightning strokes on wind turbines, studying overvoltages and electromagnetic transients. As wind power generation undergoes rapid growth, lightning damages involving wind turbines have come to be regarded with more attention. With the aim of...