crime across an ethnic or tribal border can lead to large-scale violence. Building on rational choice theory, we present …, avengers urge the target group to police itself and to suppress deviant behavior against outsiders. Drawing on historical …

documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, alternation in power …

In a world continuously beset by conflict and violence, the positive study of international security and defense has … revolutionary effects of globalization and its new challenges to world security and stability. The challenges to security now come …. Emphasis is focused on (a) how the field is changing, and the relation between new security challenges and required new …

without jeopardizing security interests. Military expenditure does not appear to be an effective deterrent of rebellion, and …, if it is reduced in a coordinated manner across a region then external security interests would be unaffected. The …

been happy with the Afghan Security Forces and ad hoc militias and only replaced them because of political reasons or … because they felt that they were no longer needed. By contrast, the work of private security companies seems to have satisfied … money to the governments involved in the medium and long-term. Moreover, private security contractors are not subject to the …

This piece provides a Foreword to the new journal by the chair of Economics for Peace and Security. …