consumption. Applying this insight to the huge literature on energy-GDP causality explains that the results of total energy-GDP … causality tests frequently coincide with the results of energy type-GDP tests. Using the test by Toda–Yamamoto in combination …

GDP and capital stock in G-7 countries. These methods, the Dufour et al. [2006, Journal of Econometrics, 132 … interaction among energy consumption, real GDP and capital stock, while structural breaks do exist and appear to be critical for … causality inference. In regard to causality direction, we find that real GDP dominates in anticipating energy consumption in G-7 …

inputs capital and labour. We also find some evidence of bidirectional causality between GDP and energy use. Although the … evidence of causality from energy use to GDP was relatively weak when using the thermal aggregate of energy use, once energy … consumption was adjusted for energy quality, we found strong evidence of Granger causality from energy use to GDP in Australia …

growth and energy consumption in the Next 11 countries. Estimating a trivariate model consisting of GDP per capita, energy …

trade to GDP ratio results an increase in per capita carbon emissions and financial development variable has no significant …