passenger railway services in Germany, where regional agencies can use auctions and negotiations to procure regional passenger … effect of auctions. -- Auctions ; Negotiations ; liberalization ; passenger railways ; public procurement …Public agencies rely on two key modes to procure goods and services: auctions and direct negotiations. The relative …

passenger railway services in Germany, where regional agencies can use auctions and negotiations to procure regional passenger …Public agencies rely on two key modes to procure goods and services: auctions and direct negotiations. The relative … those with direct negotiations. Taken together, these results indicate a significant efficiency enhancing effect of auctions. …