The popular use of graded paired comparisons in empirical studies assessing consumers’ preferences, and the potential effect of cross-national differences in (extreme) response styles on the quality of graded paired comparison data, supply ample reasons for an empirical verification of the...

A probabilistic multidimensional scaling model that estimates both location and variance parameters for proximity and preference data is described and compared to a deterministic scaling model. Simulated and empirical choice data are used to compare models. Variance estimates from the...

We have reviewed several e-learning empirical research studies that have investigated the effects of interaction on satisfaction and outcomes of e-learning, published between 2001 and 2010. Their conclusions seemed inconclusive, ranging from no relationships between interactions and two...

A lack of reliable credit risk measurements and poor control of credit risks has caused massive financial losses across a wide spectrum of business. Financial institutions like banks have not been able to control and contain the rapid increases of the credit defaulting. In this paper, we address...