Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reveal some basic characteristics in social and economic process, and lay the analytic foundation for advance-retreat course (ARC). Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents the analytic model of stochastic ARC (SARC), which is based on the...

This paper focuses on money supply and economic growth under environmental pressure. Based on the Solow growth model, a formal advance-retreat course (ARC) model and nominal ARC model for money supply are constructed, the basic conditions for increasing money to promote output growth are...

The text adopted the idea to add different compound additives to the anaerobic fermentation slurry, and carried on experiment research about the result of the anaerobic fermentation slurry to kill aphides. Finally it indicated that the five kinds of the compound additives selected in this text...