Yeast flocculation offers advantages for fuel ethanol production such as high cell density fermentation through the self-immobilization of yeast cells within fermentors as well as cost-effective biomass recovery through sedimentation of yeast flocs. However, many ethanol-fermenting yeast strains...

The esterification of myristic acid with methanol in presence of triglycerides using sulfated zirconia prepared by solvent-free method as the heterogeneous catalyst was studied. The effects of reaction temperature (393–443 K), catalyst loading (1–3 %wt) and molar ratio of oil to methanol...

This study investigated the feasibility of using lignin waste from pulp and paper industry as a mediator for treating ethanol stillage wastewater in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Two configurations of MFCs used a salt-bridge and proton exchange membrane (PEM), and the influence of lignin and...