The concept of ecosystem services was formulated to create a market- and value-based foundation for sustainable natural resource use — by land users as well as by planners. The concise definition, measurement and especially valuation of nature's services is challenging, as values are...

Child labor is a common consequence of economic shocks in developing countries. We show that reducing vulnerability can affect child labor outcomes. We exploit the extension of a health and accident insurance scheme by a Pakistani microfinance institution that was set up as a randomized...