candidate is expectations: what people expect could affect how they feel about what actually occurs. In a real-effort experiment …, we manipulate the rational expectations of subjects and check whether this manipulation influences their effort provision …-based reference-dependent preferences: if expectations are high, subjects work longer and earn more money than if expectations are low. …

roles. First, it provides a boundedly rational model of how rational expectations can be achieved. Secondly, learning acts … as a selection device in models with multiple REE (rational expectations equilibria). Third, the learning dynamics …