This paper presents a dynamic multi-objective model for distribution network expansion, considering the distributed generations as non-wire solutions. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes two objectives namely, total costs and technical constraint satisfaction by finding the optimal...

Energy systems are undergoing significant change. Many countries have ambitions to increase the share of renewable energy in their energy mix. This development entails the challenge of incorporating an increasing amount of volatile energy supply and a higher number of energy providers on...

The effective delivery of a sustainable energy future raises many challenges in relation to energy distribution where a new understanding of spatial planning is needed in relation to energy production, consumption and storage. Understanding the emergent low carbon energy economy in terms of its...

The energy distribution and the energy fluctuation in the Tsallis canonical ensemble are studied with the OLM formalism but following a new way. The resulting formula for the energy fluctuation is not the same as that in previous work [L.Y. Liu, J.L. Du, Physica A 387 (2008) 5417]. In...