Doty, Elena; Kane, Thomas J.; Patterson, Tyler; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
standard deviation on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Between 2019 and 2022, U.S. students had … between NAEP scores and students' later life outcomes by year and state of birth. We find that a standard deviation … average K-12 student (or $19,400), totaling $900 billion for the 48 million students enrolled in public schools during the …