The economic and psychological literatures have demonstrated that early investments (private and public) in children … countries, implying that mothers spend less time with their children and that families rely more on external sources of … childcare. This trend has raised concerns, and an intense debate in several countries has focused on the effectiveness of …

research on gender inequality in access to self-employment, the gender gap in pensions, and the emerging topic of a gender gap …

Approximately 75% of children aged 2 to 4 worldwide are regularly subjected to violent discipline across the globe. We … disciplining behaviors, with a 0.12 SD reduction in violence against children. Treatment children also experience fewer emotional … implications which could help decrease violence against children across the globe …

their children are under age three. We use regional and over time variation to show that the Finnish Home Care Allowance … (HCA) decreases maternal employment in both the short and long term. The effects are large enough for the existence of home … also negatively affect the early childhood cognitive test results of children, decrease the likelihood of choosing academic …