[eng] The Value of French Patent Protection Assessed by Renewals.. In this article, we compute the value of patent protection obtained through application for patents at the French Patent Office (INPI ), using patent renewal data and values of renewal fees payable to maintain patents in force,...

[fre] Où en est actuellement la concentration de l'Industrie française? Peut-on porter un jugement sur son évolution depuis le début du siècle et sur les tendances récentes ? . On est certes frappé par le fort mouvement de fusions des années récentes. Mais, à considérer les chiffres...

[eng] History shows us that financial centers are rather largely constructed around stock exchanges, thus suggesting that the existence of an organized stock market plays a determining role in the development of a financial center. But is it a question of an incidental encounter or of a strong...

[eng] The stock exchanges’ role for the future of financial centres . History shows that financial centres were built near stock exchanges. This suggests that an organised stock market play a great role in the financial centres development. But, is this link strong and necessary ? We argue...