Indirect exporters are defined as firms exporting through a trade intermediary. These firms have received rapidly expanding empirical and theoretical attention recently. I show that in Eastern Europe and Central Asia these firms do, as predicted by the theoretical literature, lie between...

Business services firms are increasingly under pressure from foreign competition. We develop an oligopolistic competition model that studies the effect of trade liberalization on exit and sectoral restructuring in the business services sector. We assume that firms are heterogeneous in their...