In this study, we draw upon data from the low-income Lifeline Assistance Program (Lifeline) for telephone service to examine the participation of eligible households in social programs designed to alleviate financial hardship. Utilizing panel data on participation levels in 1997 and 2003 and the...

We develop and estimate a model of railroad pricing over a network where railroads may, or may not, face upstream, or downstream, competition with barges. Service quality differences amongst modes and link economies may result in railroad pricing which can exclude barge movements in the...