In this study, we produced biodiesel by utilising waste cooking oil as a raw material, unrefined methanol produced by a chemical plant as a transesterification agent and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The yield and heating value of the biodiesel produced with unrefined methanol were...

In order to achieve ethanol production from kitchen garbage under non-sterilized fermentation, the acid-tolerant Zymomonas mobilis named GZNS1 was selected and applied in the fermentation system. Ethanol production from kitchen garbage under non-sterilized fermentation with GZNS1 was proved to...

Adoption of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) into ethanol fermentation from food waste can replace the sterilization process. However, LAB inoculation will convert part of the substrate into lactic acid (LA), not ethanol. This study adopted lactate oxidase to convert the produced LA to pyruvate, and...

The economic feasibility of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is greatly affected by the type of raw material used. The easy availability of eucalyptus from marginal environments is an alternative feedstock for use as raw material to reduce the production cost. In this study,...