services and high-skilled women respond by working more or having more children. …

higher marriage rates for women and lower for men. Land abundance favored higher fertility. The demands of childcare … opportunities outside the home. Frontier women were less likely to report "gainful employment," but among those who did, relatively … more had high-status occupations. Together, these findings integrate contrasting narratives about frontier women …

The chapter examines how the various dimensions of economic inequality between men and women are analyzed today. Beyond … large and comparable data sets or to conventional approaches that limit the possibilities to compare men and women. …

Engaging in paid work is generally difficult for women in developing countries. Many women work unpaid in family … countries, vocational training or grants for starting a business have been effective policy tools for supporting women's paid … affects child welfare. Access to free or subsidized public childcare can increase women's labor force participation and …