This paper has taken the mixed product, examined its components, and, on the basis of private-public characteristics, defined four categories. These four categories of products have been analyzed through the use of an altered version of the Cicchetti and Smith graphical device. Through this...

In spite of the fact that the Constitution's fifth amendment states that “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation,” politicians systematically impose almost confiscatory land-use restrictions on citizens. Growth of regulation and property-rights...