Research on insurgency has been invigorated this past decade by better data, improved methods, and the urgency of understanding active engagements in Iraq and Afghanistan. This empiricists’ insurgency reinforces a classic literature on the essential role of civilians while challenging older...

One of the great puzzles of Sub-Saharan African economic history is that wheeled transportation was barely used prior to the colonial period. Instead, head porterage was the main method of transportation. The consensus among historians is that this was a rational adaption to the underlying...

African countries and their regional economic communities are trying to achieve integration through free trade, creation of customs unions and organization of common markets. International trade is a means for acquisition of fixed assets, equipment, materials and processed goods that are...

Motivated by the rise of the electricity tariffs applied on industrial customer and the frequent electricity cut offs recently experienced in Egypt, this paper assesses the economic feasibility of installing a stand alone wind energy technology by an industrial customer who seeks to reduce his...

Despite the regional integration efforts African regional integration communities (RECs) still depend strongly on the outside world for trade. The study analyses the development of trade flows of selected RECs and then focuses on the commodity structure of international trade of each selected...

Despite the regional integration efforts African regional integration communities (RECs) still depend strongly on the outside world for trade. The study analyses the development of trade flows of selected RECs and then focuses on the commodity structure of international trade of each selected...