Altruism, giving and pro-social conduct, and reciprocity, are the basis of the existence and performance of societies … (which they sometimes also create); and in charity and specific organizations. Altruism has various origins: it can be … hedonistic or natural altruism in empathy, affection, sympathy, emotional contagion, pity, and compassion; or normative altruism …

options even if she plans to act unselfishly. Our theory accommodates the empirical findings on motivation crowding out and … task of obvious importance for policy. The choice behavior implied by our theory subsumes Riker and Ordeshook (1968) on …

mechanisms. Firstly, in the so-called pure altruism model, the parent's utility is augmented by the utility of his child. This … transfer. In a second model, altruism is impure as the parents want the child to behave in a certain way: exchange and …. Tests usually conclude that the income pooling predicted by pure altruism is not observed, but family transfers are also far …

considers the roles that altruism and reciprocity might play in cooperatives, and it discusses the recent, largely experimental …

in questions of development. The theory of reciprocity shows and compares the various types of solutions of the …