Regime-wide rules of origin (ROO), such as diagonal cumulation, de minimis and self-certification requirement, can be applied to reduce additional administrative and compliance costs for verifying restrictive ROO. However, empirical evidence related to the trade effect of various regime-wide...

The spaghetti bowl phenomenon expected from the proliferating East Asian regional trade agreements (RTAs) is worrisome. In particular, the complicated web of hub-and-spoke type of overlapping free trade agreements (FTAs) can result in high costs for verifying rules of origin. As an alternative...

This study investigates the impact of FDI regulatory restrictions on tourism growth. Using system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation of the dynamic panel data model, this study finds that FDI restrictions have significant negative effects on tourism growth, implying that liberalizing...