This chapter reviews definitional issues that arise in assessing the extent of, and change in, poverty in western … industrialized countries, including the choice of resource, level of poverty line and appropriate adjustments for the size and type … market income poverty can have very different poverty rates once taxes and transfers have been received. Cross …

point is afforded by the status of a "focus-axiom" in the measurement of poverty. "Focus" requires that a measure of poverty …Despite the formal rigour that attends social and economic measurement, the substantive meaning of particular measures … poverty indices advanced in the literature satisfy an "income-focus" but not a "population-focus" axiom. This, it is argued in …

each of these areas, as well as an integrated discussion of empirical choices made in the measurement of poverty, overall … in poverty and income inequality, up to 2010 or 2011 in most countries. We provide measures of the levels and trends in …

A considerable part of the poverty that is measured in a single period is transitory rather than persistent. In most … into and out of poverty should be the main focus of anti-poverty policies. Understanding the characteristics of the … persistently poor, and the circumstances and mechanisms associated with entry into and exit from poverty, can help to inform …

This chapter reviews the theory of the voluntary public and private redistribution of wealth elaborated by economic … voluntary redistribution of income or wealth. The theory concentrates on lump-sum voluntary transfers, individual or collective … poor and indifferent to each other. Section 6 reviews the theory of Pareto-efficient redistribution in pure distributive …

likely effects on poverty, inequality, and economic mobility. While poverty has declined, inequality has remained relatively … high and stable over nearly four decades. In this paper, for the first time, we examine poverty and inequality in a dynamic …. Focusing on the dynamics of poverty, we distinguish between short- and long-term poor and between chronic and transient poverty …

in rural areas, but it has not reduced poverty that much, not least because of how it is administered. Moreover, the …

in rural areas, but it has not reduced poverty that much, not least because of how it is administered. Moreover, the …

How did we come to think that eliminating poverty is a legitimate goal for public policy? What policies emerged in the … hope of attaining that goal? The last 200 years have witnessed a dramatic change in thinking about poverty. Mainstream … economic thinking in the eighteenth century held that poverty was necessary and even desirable for a country's economic success …