International aviation is responsible for between 2.5% and 3% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that are partly held responsible for climate change. International aviation is not subject to any regulatory framework for the limitation of these emissions. From an economic point of...

We survey the theoretical literature on pollution-reducing and resource-saving technological progress, differentiating between microeconomic partial equilibrium models and endogenous growth models. The microeconomic models serve to investigate incentives to develop and adopt environmentally...

Intergovernmental cooperation in Europe has been operationalized by the number of participants in intergovernmental conferences and treaties. These data have been decomposed into two groups, one group containing the number of participants in conferences and treaties on war-related issues and the...