Suppose we are interested in the effect of a binary treatment on an outcome where that relationship is confounded by an ordinal confounder. We assume that the true confounder is not observed but, rather, we observe a nondifferentially mismeasured version of it. We show that, under certain...

In the presence of interference, the exposure of one individual may affect the outcomes of others. We provide new effect partitioning results under interferences that express the overall effect as a sum of (i) the indirect (or spillover) effect and (ii) a contrast between two direct effects.

In this paper, some new statistical methods are proposed, for making inferences about the parameter indexing a Cox proportional hazards marginal structural model for point exposure. Under the key assumption that unmeasured confounding is absent, we propose a new class of closed-form estimators...

Abstract The paper considers the properties of and relations between confounding and effect modification from the perspective of causal inference and with a distinction drawn as to how each of these two epidemiologic concepts can be defined both with respect to a distribution of potential...

Abstract Interactions measured on the additive scale are more relevant than multiplicative interaction for assessing public health importance and also more closely related to notions of mechanistic synergism. Most work on sample size and power calculations for interaction have focused on the...

Abstract In this tutorial, we provide a broad introduction to the topic of interaction between the effects of exposures. We discuss interaction on both additive and multiplicative scales using risks, and we discuss their relation to statistical models (e.g. linear, log-linear, and logistic...