Kenya is one of the few countries in sub-Saharan Africa experiencing an impressive rise in fertilizer use on food crops grown by smallholder farmers since the liberalization of input markets starting in the early-1990s. The impacts of these reforms and associated private sector investments on...

Agricultural input subsidies often have implicit or explicit political economy objectives. Using panel data from Zambia, this article empirically tests whether election outcomes affect targeting of subsidized fertilizer and whether fertilizer subsidies win votes. Results suggest that the Zambian...

Constructing appropriate counterfactual scenarios is an ongoing challenge for impact assessment of agricultural research. Using farm-level survey data from Honduras, this paper adapts the Heckman two-step procedure to construct the counterfactual to resistant variety (RV) bean yields by...