We examine the extent to which economic development reduces both a country's disaster risk and its social vulnerability … ability of economic development to reduce disaster risk depends on a country's income level; additional income becomes less … effective in reducing disaster risk as countries become wealthier. We find that, conditional on a disaster occurring, higher …

. We then contrast this optimal path to that obtained when the uncertainty is not ignored, thereby demonstrating signicance … of factoring uncertainty in the optimization stage. …