According to estimates using the seasonal method, the volume of euro coins held for transaction purposes in Germany in … Bundesbank) euro coins in circulation. 76% of the total volume of coins held for transaction purposes was accounted for by €1 and … €2 coins. Only in the case of €2 coins has the cash stock held for transaction purposes made a significant contribution …

, because of speculation moves in and out of the U.S. Dollar and the Euro depending on their return, increasing volatility. U … influence in this most important policy arena. It will focus on the U.S. Dollar decline as the Reserve Currency, on the Euro …

Der Transaktionskassenbestand von Euro-Münzen in Deutschland betrug im Jahr 2011 nach Schätzungen mit der saisonalen … Methode 2,3 Mrd. €, was etwa 36 % des gesamten deutschen (von der Deutschen Bundesbank emittierten) Euro …-Münzumlaufs entspricht. 76 % dieses Transaktionskassenbestandes entfiel auf die 1-Euro- und die 2-Euro-Münze. Nur bei letzterer hat die …

charged to the merchants, who may be reluctant to accept cards and induce the cardholder to withdraw cash. In this paper, we … empirically verify for the first time the effect of the interchange fee on the decision to withdraw cash and compare it with that … there is a positive correlation between the cash usage and the level of the interchange fees. Accordingly, regulation of the …