Collective bargaining in Germany takes place either at the industry level or at the firm level; collective bargaining …

empirical results reveals the expansions had little effect on a wide variety of outcomes, including children's school outcomes …

Advocates of a universal child care system offer a two-fold argument: Child care facilitates children's long …-run development, and levels the playing field by benefiting in particular disadvantaged children. Therefore, a critical element in …-scale, publicly subsidized child care in Norway affected the earnings distribution of exposed children as adults. We find that mean …

"price" of a social program for a subset of individuals. Fathers of children born after April 1, 1993 in Norway were eligible … for one month of governmental paid paternity leave, while fathers of children born before this cutoff were not. There is a …

allowing the marginal effects on children’s outcomes of an increase in family income to vary across the income distribution …. Our nonlinear IV and fixed-effect estimates show an increasing, concave relationship between family income and children …

analyze the introduction of universal child care in Norway, addressing the impact on children's long-run outcomes. Our precise … and robust difference-in-difference estimates show that child care had strong positive effects on children's educational … attainment and labor market participation, and also reduced welfare dependency. Subsample analysis indicates that children with …

variable (IV) estimation. We show that tests for treatment effects, selection bias, and treatment effect heterogeneity are … causal effect of family size on children's education. Following common practice, a linear IV estimator has been used …, assuming constant marginal effects of additional children across family sizes. We find that the conclusion of no effect of …

This study examines the link between divorced nonresident fathers' proximity and children's long-run outcomes using … high-quality data from Norwegian population registers. We follow (from birth to young adulthood) 15,992 children born into … proximity of the child to his or her father in each year following the divorce and link proximity to children's educational and …