We examine the effect of school traffic pollution on student outcomes by leveraging variation in wind patterns for …

's traffic police agency is to manage traffic and to enforce the traffic code. We first document that, in the capital's branch …, Kinshasa, traffic violation fines account for only 22% of the revenue of the branch. The remaining 78%, unofficial, comes from … first mandate, while not improving its ability to fulfill the second. First, the quota causes 65% of all traffic jams and …