Africa. But employment in African manufacturing has grown rapidly over the past 20 years. These employment gains have been … accompanied by: (i) large increases in the number of small manufacturing firms; (ii) limited employment gains in large firms; and … (iii) robust labor productivity growth in Africa's large firms. Limited employment growth in Africa's large manufacturing …

Employment rates in Puerto Rico range from 55 to 65 percent of U.S. rates during the past thirty years. This huge … employment shortfall holds for men and women, cuts across all education groups, and is deeper for persons without a college … educated workers. Motivated by these facts, we identify several factors that undermine employment growth and business …

remain small. We estimate the parameters of the model using firm-level data for India and the United States. We study the …

biological mechanism, which are validated with micro-data from India, Indonesia and Ghana can jointly explain inter …