biennial waves from the Health and Retirement Study.We find the dynamics of the presence of pain is central to understanding …

A positive relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and health, the so-called \health-wealth gradient", is … repeatedly found in most industrialized countries with similar levels of health care technology and economic welfare. This study … analyzes causality from health to wealth (health causation) and from wealth to health (wealth or social causation) for elderly …