This paper outlines an expanded and more challenging role for multilateral development banks (MDBs) in the provision of longer term development finance. The traditional role has to be further refocused and expanded to cover mobilization of private sector resources, both external and internal.

This paper investigates the effect of trade integration on military conflict. Our empirical analysis,based on a large panel data set of 290,040 country-pair observations from 1950 to 2000, confirms that an increase in bilateral trade interdependence and global trade openness significantly...