Climate change threatens grassland ecosystems and herders’ livelihoods in Mongolia. Herders depend on pasture and water resources for their livestock, and are thus among the most vulnerable groups to climate change impacts. However, although climate change impacts on grassland ecosystems are...

This paper reviews perceived notions of the relationships between catchment land use and hydrology and explores whether much of the widely disseminated folklore, so often inextricably linked with issues of land use, is based on myth or reality. Gaps in our knowledge of the underlying processes...

This paper aims at analysing the effect of democratic institutions on environmental quality (carbon dioxide per capita, sulfure dioxide per capita) and at identifying potential channel transmissions. We use panel data from 1960 to 2008 in 122 developing and developed countries and modern...

Energy efficiency is often defined as delivered energy service per unit of energy supplied into a system. Supply-side energy efficiency refers to decreasing energy losses in the supply chain, for improved performance in the production and delivery of electricity and heat. Demandside energy...

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is preparing sector assessments, thematic papers, strategies, and road maps to help align future ADB support with the needs and strategies of developing member countries and other development partners. A thematic paper is a working document that addresses a...