. This report makes a case for the development of a common global standard on transparency of payments that trading hubs … inclusion of disclosure obligations in commodity sales contracts to set clear expectations on transparency of payments, and …

transparency, prompting international organisations and national authorities to step up their efforts to improve the consistency …, comparability, scope and frequency of debt statistics. The report offers guidance and recommendations to improve debt transparency …

transparency report on CSEA. Even among those services, there are significant variations in what behaviour is captured in their … definitions, and the metrics, methodology and frequency of transparency reports differ across platforms. While good practices …

innovation in an individualist culture. This cultural effect may offset the negative effects of bad institutions on growth … individualism on growth through innovation. Using genetic data as instruments for culture we provide strong evidence of a causal … collectivism, in line with recent advances in biology and neuro-science. The effect of culture on long-run growth remains very …

Can some acts of violence be explained by a society's "culture"? Scholars have found it hard to empirically disentangle … the effects of culture, legal institutions, and poverty in driving violence. We address this problem by exploiting a …