, Japanese firms resembled U.S. multinationals. A Japanese parent's employment, given the level of its production, tends to be … similar to that of Swedish firms, but contrasts with that of U.S. firms. U.S. firms appear to reduce employment at home …-wage countries. We conclude that in Japanese firms and ancillary employment at home to service foreign operations outweighs any …

greater flexibility in wages, these two countries also exhibit more stable employment behavior over the business cycle. In …

absolute terms, correcting for purchasing power. The relatively high employment rates of less educated German youth combined …-German difference in employment rates …

Standard models suggest that adverse labor demand shocks will lead to bigger employment losses if institutional factors … explains the contrast between the United States, where real wages fell over the 1980s and aggregate employment expanded … vigorously, and Europe, where real wages were (roughly) constant and employment was stagnant. We test this hypothesis by …

Japanese industry, and have effects on employment and output in sectors producing tradeable goods. This paper presents … estimate the impact of swings in the effective real exchange rate of the dollar and the yen on manufacturing employment and … the U.S. employment. These results are part of a larger research project to estimate the effects of the movements in the …

We identify "first generation" statistics to measure offshoring as the share of imported intermediate inputs in costs … demand and relative wages due to offshoring. A limitation of these statistics is that they cannot be used to measure the … impact on real wages, and for that purpose, we need price-based measures of offshoring. More recently, "second generation …

Ricardian model of offshoring. A unique final good is produced by combining a skilled and an unskilled product, each produced …-scarce East. Profit maximization determines both the extent of offshoring and technological progress. Offshoring induces skill … relevant case, starting from low levels, an increase in offshoring opportunities triggers a transition with falling real wages …