This paper estimates transition matrices for the ratings on …nancial insti-tutions, using an unusually informative data set. We show that the processof rating migration exhibits signi…cant non-Markovian behavior, in the sensethat the transition intensities are a¤ected by macroeconomic and...

This paper estimates transition matrices for the ratings on financial insti-tutions, using an unusually informative data set. We show that the process of rating migration exhibits significant non-Markovian behavior, in the sense that the transition intensities are affected by macroeconomic and...

Asset prices have recently become a common topic in economic debate. Nevertheless,much time has been spent in determining if they e®ectively exhibit a bubble component,and not in examining whether asset prices a®ectively contain relevant information concern-ing future market developments. This...

A small open macroeconomic model, in which an optimal interest rate rule emerges to drive the inflation behavior, is used to model inflation within an inflation targeting framework. This set up is used to estimate the relationship between commodity prices shocks and the inflation process in a...

We embed a small open economy model for Colombia into the global risk model of Gómez-Pineda, Guillaume, and Tanyeri (2014). The small open economy model is estimated by Bayesian methods and used for analysis and projections. The model enable us to give a consistent treatment of shocks to global...

In this paper we survey prominent theories that have shaped the literature on sterilized foreign exchange interventions. We identify three main strands of literature: 1) that which advocates the use of sterilized interventions; 2) that which deems sterilized interventions futile; and 3) that...

The adoption of a managed regime assumes that interventions are relatively successful. However, while some authors consider that foreign exchange interventions are ineffective, arguing that domestic and foreign assets are close substitutes, others advocate their use and maintain that their...

After decades using monetary aggregates as the main instrument of monetary policy and having different varieties of crawling peg exchange rate regimes, Colombia adopted a full-fledged inflation-targeting (IT) regime in 1999, with inflation as the nominal anchor, a floating exchange rate, and the...

Se analizan tres tipos de modelos para determinar cuándo, bajo un esquema de inflación objetivo, el Banco Central (BC) debe utilizar los encajes como una herramienta de política monetaria óptima. En todos los casos el BC busca minimizar una función objetivo que consta de las desviaciones de...

Al administrar reservas internacionales los bancos centrales generalmente se enfrentan al problema de determinar su nivel óptimo o adecuado. En este documento se presenta una revisión crítica de algunas metodologías para el cálculo del saldo óptimo de reservas, así como un conjunto de...