"Using a comprehensive database of firms in Western and Eastern Europe, we study how the business environment in a …

contemporary labor issues in North America and Europe, from reserve rules and free agency, high levels of player pay and work …

Inequalities in life expectancy are starker in the U.S. than in Europe. In 1990 White Americans and Europeans in rich … comparison with Europe suggests that mortality rates of both Black and White Americans could fall much further across all ages …

. Results are presented for the U. S., Japan, and an aggregate called "Europe" consisting of eleven European economies. The … primary theme of the paper is that differences between Europe and the U. S. have been substantially exaggerated in recent work …. Europe has neither greater nominal wage flexibility nor more rigid real wages than the U. S. Evidence that the U. S. exhibits …

Europe's protracted political fragmentation. We build a dynamic model with granular geographical information in terms of …'s recurring political unification and Europe's persistent political fragmentation. The existence of a core region of high land …

opportunities to access elite status than Premodern Europe, for example via the civil service exam and the absence of hereditary … differences in the power structure of society: (1) the Ruler enjoyed weaker absolute power in Europe; (2) the People were more on … differences between Imperial China and Premodern Europe, as well as specific institutions such as the bureaucracy in China and the …

stabilizers in Eastern and Southern Europe are much lower than in Central and Northern European countries. We also investigate …