Brothers demise to help banks retain access to wholesale funding. We describe the evolution and the pattern of bond issuance … new market, namely the significant �tiering� of the spreads paid by banks at issuance, finding that they mainly …

commercial banks, shows that over the period 1998-2008 all jurisdictions experienced a reduction in both effective and statutory … tax rates. Even if the tax burden on Italian banks has seen one of the largest reductions, this tax indicator is still the …

banks in the sample, according to their systemic importance scores. The methodology is then applied to EU and Eurozone … samples of banks to obtain their systemic importance ranking and SIFI lists. This is one of the first methodologies capable of … identifying systemically relevant banks at the European level. A statistical analysis and some geographical and historical …

During the financial crisis banks faced liquidity shocks, and lending slowed down. The reduction in credit availability … raising funds, and a worsening in the creditworthiness of borrowers. However, banks do not pass on liquidity shocks to … borrowers to protect their core customers. Previous studies have shown that banks are less prone to lend to female firms than to …

We document the development of the major international banks since the late 1990s, analysing balance-sheet data for 27 …, revealed all its shortcomings when the crisis erupted. European banks displayed greater fragilities in their business models …

Building on a new dataset on Italian banks and other financial institutions from 1861 to 2011, the novelty of this … savings, State ownership of banks, and bank interest rates is also studied. …