-�-vis the central bank and the interbank market. The results show that the Italian interbank market functioned well even during … and towards the real economy. This finding is robust to the use of several estimation methods and data on the different …

We examine the effects of the government guarantee schemes for bank bonds adopted in the aftermath of the Lehman … the issuing bank or of the bond itself. …

undesired effects and distortions. Finally, we briefly review the recent evolution of bank lending to the private sector. We …

bank loans, using a sample of over 50,000 individual lines of credit granted by Italian banks. Two empirical models are … riskiness and the presence of guarantees on their bank loans; the second compares the interest rates charged on secured and …

problems are more pervasive. Implementing an instrumental variable estimation, we find that issuing equity increases the …

finance than their male counterparts. According to statistical evidence, female firms have difficulty in accessing bank … finance: on the demand side, they apply for bank loans less frequently, as they more often anticipate a rejection; on the … appears in the supply of bank loans in Germany, Italy and Spain, while some demand obstacles arise in France. …

derivatives bank-firm relationship is more concentrated than in the loan relationship. …

-enterprises. On average, they have lower profitability and higher debt, largely bank debt, than the other size classes. The proportion …