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The revised Basel Capital Accord requires banks to meet a capital requirement for operational risk as part of an overall risk-based capital framework. Three distinct options for calculating operational risk charges are proposed (Basic Approach, Standardised Approach, Advanced Measurement...
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The European Union�s VAT system has become vulnerable to organised fraud schemes. In recent years, these schemes … trade in goods among EU countries. Within the EU-27, organised VAT fraud is estimated to amount to between �20 billion and … effectiveness of anti-VAT-fraud strategy cannot be separated from a broad view of the problem and of the functioning of the VAT …
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