In 150 years, the trends in regional disparities in economic development within Italy have differed depending on … then closed; the North-South gap, by contrast, remains the main open problem in the national history of Italy. This work … between southern and northern Italy, powered by rising productivity and structural change in the South. The last turning point …

In post-Unification Italy industrialization was ever sharply sub-regional. Initially industry was largely artisanal …

Since it became a united country, Italy was looked at with keen eyes by foreign economists, economic historians and …

integration meant that foreign market access was the decisive factor; the North had the advantage of proximity to these markets. …

markets. Moreover, the Italian equity market in the last 30 years (up to 1994), when equity prices barely kept up with … inflation, looks very different. The econometric analysis suggests the presence of an equity premium puzzle in Italy during the …