. By looking at 5,500 issues in the period 2005-2012, we find that the turbulence in the sovereign debt market has been a … due to the negative spillovers from the sovereign debt crisis, while German firms received a discount of 40 basis points. …

institutions and more detailed information on firms; (iii) the efficient use of public resources, through loan guarantees, tax …

, are associated with higher leverage, but also with greater availability of long-term debt. …-term debt for firms operating in sectors with highly volatile returns. In contrast, if the law does not guarantee creditor … rights sufficiently, lenders prefer to issue short-term debt because they can use the threat not to renew the loan to limit …

-country variability, showing a stronger effect for less levered firms. In accordance with the theory of the debt tax shield, the relation …We evaluate the relation between firm leverage and taxation of corporate income using a dataset of mostly unlisted … regressors. We also apply quantile regressions to evaluate a possible differential impact of taxation on leverage across firms …

is also shown that straight debt alone does not implement the second best, in absence of a large shareholder. Finally, an …

innovate. The evidence shows that small innovators rely less on financial debt and more on internal financial resources; no …

. We also include leverage in the firm decision process regarding debt maturity, relying on a simultaneous equations …In this paper we test different theories on debt maturity that can be ascribed to either the demand or the supply side … approach. Among Italian industrial firms, theories based on lenders using debt maturity to address information problems and …