reflect the characteristics of the guarantor (credit risk, size of rescue measures, timeliness of repayments) and not those of …

bank loans, using a sample of over 50,000 individual lines of credit granted by Italian banks. Two empirical models are … singling out the direct effect of the presence of guarantees on credit risk. The empirical results show that real guarantees … problems. Controlling for borrowers� characteristics, both real and personal guarantees reduce ex-ante credit risk. …

to credit. Firms owned or managed by women (female firms) use smaller amounts and less heterogeneous sources of external …

derivatives use according to the most important literature in financial risk management. By using the Italian credit register and …

This paper analyzes firms� difficulties in accessing credit before and during the crisis, by focusing on two of their … growth prospects � favoured access to credit in the period leading up to the financial crisis; during the crisis, instead …, credit rationing was more widespread and less related to firms� potential growth. Lending relationships facilitated access …

employment. On the basis of data from the company balance sheets and the Central Credit Register during the period 2003 …

is some dispersion in the answers on banks' reactions in credit availability and conditions. A trend towards reduction in …