Organized crime is widely regarded as damaging to the economy, to say nothing of people�s lives. Yet little is known … about the mechanism at work. This paper helps fill the gap by analyzing the impact of organized crime on the allocation of … whether organized crime diverts public funding. We exploit exogenous variations at the level of municipalities to instrument …

crime. The synthetic control is a weighted average of other regions less affected by mafia activity that mimics the economic … structure and outcomes of the regions of interest several years before the advent of organized crime. The comparison of actual …

Gender gaps in the labour market, in boardrooms and in wages are still significant in Italy. This paper, which … causes, presents some evidence regarding wage differentials, differences in the gender composition of boards and … requirements. Some policies to narrow gender gaps are discussed: national and regional legislation; subsidies for female …

headed by men and that the greatest part of this gap is due to observable characteristics (i.e. gender) related to firmsï ….The classification of firms by gender follows that prescribed in Law 215/92; for the purposes of this paper only partnerships and private …