steeper than the one approved by the Basel Committee. Finally the difference between the spread/rating relation of banks and …

of data on banks’ balance sheets, central banks and money market funds; on interest rates on deposits and loans; on non …

enterprises, as captured by the assessment of credit standards provided by the banks participating in the Eurosystem Bank Lending … Survey (BLS banks). For Italy, we combine the information provided by the relatively small panel of large banking groups … participating in the Eurosystem survey with the replies obtained from the non-overlapping and wider group of banks participating in …

Brothers demise to help banks retain access to wholesale funding. We describe the evolution and the pattern of bond issuance … new market, namely the significant �tiering� of the spreads paid by banks at issuance, finding that they mainly …

imperfectly competitive banking sector into a DSGE model with financial frictions. Banks issue collateralized loans to both …