that, even when controlling for the standard economic variables that influence bank activity, a rise in the spread is …

GDP shocks owing to a different degree of bank capitalization. The effects on lending of shocks to bank capital that are … effects of the "bank lending channel" from those of the "bank capital channel" in the case of a monetary shock; it also … provides an explanation for asymmetric effects of GDP shocks on lending based on the link between bank capital and risk …

monetary policy does alter bank loan supply, with the effects most dependent on the liquidity of individual banks. Unlike in … the US, the size of a bank does generally not explain its lending reaction. We also show that the standard publicly …